In this captivating video, we delve into the fascinating history of Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad of Baroda and the dramatic events that led to the princely state's merger with India.
In 1939, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda passed away, leaving behind a staggering fortune to his grandson, Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad. With assets valued at $300 million and an additional $15 million in jewels, Baroda was the second richest and one of the most powerful states in India at the time. However, the situation took a drastic turn within a few years, compelling the Indian government to rein in the Maharaja.
What exactly transpired? And how did Baroda's integration into India become such a tumultuous affair?
Intro:
In 1939, following the death of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III, his grandson Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad ascended the throne of Baroda. V.P. Menon, the private secretary to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and the architect of the integration of princely states into the Indian Union, mentioned in his book "The Story of the Integration of the Indian States" that Maharaja Pratap inherited an enormous wealth of $300 million and $15 million worth of jewels, making Baroda second only to Hyderabad in terms of riches.
Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad attempted to follow in his grandfather’s footsteps by establishing Maharaja Sayajirao University and promoting modern amenities such as golf and polo clubs, and initiating the first radio broadcast in the state, Baroda Broadcasting Corporation. However, the trajectory of his reign shifted dramatically in 1943.
The Turning Point:
In 1943, Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad fell in love with Princess Sita Devi of Pithapuram, who was already married. Overcoming the legal hurdles through religious conversion and manipulation of state laws, he married Sita Devi, which led to significant controversy and displeasure from the British government.
Post-marriage, Maharaja's problems escalated. In 1944, he doubled his privy purse and started withdrawing large sums from the state treasury for personal use. His extravagant spending, especially during a six-week trip to America where he spent a million dollars, drew widespread criticism.
Baroda's Merger with India:
Initially, Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad showed interest in merging Baroda with India, even expressing willingness to sign the merger agreement. However, he later reneged, seeking to leverage the situation similar to the Nawab of Junagadh, aiming to create a larger princely state. This prompted Sardar Patel to take decisive action to expedite the integration process.
The Aftermath:
Despite the eventual merger of Baroda with India in January 1949, Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad's subsequent actions led to the stripping of his title and privileges in 1951 under Article 360, Clause 22 of the Constitution. His son, Yuvraj Fatehsingh Rao, succeeded him.
Join us as we unravel the story of Baroda’s integration into India and the fall of Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad.
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