Buddhism accepts only two pramana as valid means to knowledge: Pratyaksha (perception) and Anumaṇa (inference). Buddhism also considers scriptures as third valid pramana, such as from Buddha and other "valid minds" and "valid persons". This third source of valid knowledge is a form of perception and inference in Buddhist thought. Valid scriptures, valid minds and valid persons are considered in Buddhism as Avisamvadin indisputable. Means of cognition and knowledge, other than perception and inference, are considered invalid in Buddhism