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Air:Fuel ratios, there is a lot to talk about here. These have a big effect on power, economy and emissions. In this video we will take a look at this at both the molecular level and in practical terms.
Note: TWA is "time weighted average". However airlines do use the same number, and as I'm an airline pilot I succumbed to conformation bias on this one.
Related Links for those of you who can handle it: https://youtu.be/_EiIGMbitwc?si=QfchM4E5n5dAkZsf and https://youtu.be/O8lk5E-Lq-c?si=zQUTU_5_G097IZKw
On the subject of C8H18, as I said in the video it's one type of gasoline, there are many others. The C8H18 molecule is named octane, which is confusing because there is also an "octane rating" for gasoline but the molecule and the rating are two different things.
I chose this molecule because it's used as the standard on the Wikipedia page for gasoline: In part it says "A gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine obtains energy from the combustion of gasoline's various hydrocarbons with oxygen from the ambient air, yielding carbon dioxide and water as exhaust. The combustion of octane, a representative species, performs the chemical reaction: 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O" C8H18 is also the molecule that google's "A.I." lists as gasoline at the time of this video's creation.