Though the trope of the "Ecological Indian" is indelible in popular culture, history tells a much more complicated story. Featuring cutting edge perspectives rarely seen outside academia and in-depth interviews with indigenous historians, climate scientists, and other experts, this video will dispel the paternalistic myths and reveal Native American ecology in all its ingenious, imperfect glory.
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0:00 Introduction
7:15 1. The Makah Whale Hunt
21:34 2. The Biological Cathedral
53:06 3. The Commodity of Nature
1:18:42 4. Plains, Trains, and Buffalo Meals
1:37:19 5. The Makah Whale Hunt, Revisited
2:00:05 Conclusion / Credits
~REFERENCES~
[1] Eric Wagner. "Savage Disobedience: A Renegade Whaler Rocks the Boat in the Makah Struggle for Cultural Identity" Orion Magazine https://orionmagazine.org/article/savage-disobedience/
[2] Kelly Struthers Montford & Chloë Taylor. Colonialism and Animality: Anti-Colonial Perspectives in Critical Animal Studies (2018). E-Book through the Ted K Archive https://www.thetedkarchive.com/library/kelly-struthers-montford-and-chloe-taylor-colonialism-and-animality
[3] "Description of the USA Aboriginal Subsistence Hunt: Makah Tribe." International Whaling Commission https://iwc.int/management-and-conservation/whaling/aboriginal/usa/makah-tribe
[4] Robin Wall Kimmerer. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants (2013). Milkweed Editions, Page 3-7
[5] Ross Kenneth Harper. To Render the God of the Water Propitious: Hunting and Human-Animal Relations in the Northeast Woodlands (1999). University of Connecticut, Page 18-35
[6] Kimmerer, Page 179-188
[7] Harper, Page 291-293
[8] Kimmerman, Page 55-56
[9] Shepard Krech. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History (1999). W.W. Norton and Company. E-Book through the Ted K Archive https://www.thetedkarchive.com/library/shepard-krech-the-ecological-indian-myth-history
[10] William Cronon. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (2003 Edition). Hill and Wang Page 48-51
[11] Cronon, Page 52-64
[12] Cronon, Page 94-107
[13] Harper, Page 306-325
[14] Cronon, Page 128-141
[15] Andrew C. Isenberg. The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750-1920 (2000). Cambridge University Press, Page 1-36
[16] Jeremy Rifkin. Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture (1992). Dutton Books, Page 45-51
[17] Rifkin, Page 67-80
[18] Isenberg, 123-155
[19] Daniel Pauly. "Ask Dr. Pauly: Why are we giving subsidies to the fishing industry?" (2023) Oceana https://oceana.org/blog/ask-dr-pauly-why-are-we-giving-subsidies-to-the-fishing-industry/
[20] John Roach. "Seafood May Be Gone by 2048, Study Says" (2006) National Geographic https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/seafood-biodiversity
[21] David Gillette. "The True Cost of a Hamburger" (2022). American Institute for Economic Research https://www.aier.org/article/the-true-cost-of-a-hamburger/
[22] Molly Brind’Amour. "Fact Sheet | Proposals to Reduce Fossil Fuel Subsidies" (2024). Environmental and Energy Study Institute https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-proposals-to-reduce-fossil-fuel-subsidies-january-2024