Circularity is a cross section of cylindricity, straightness is a cross section of flatness, circular runout is a cross section of total runout, and profile of a line is a cross section of a profile of a surface.
However, while most cross-section controls offer more flexibility, profile of a line is more likely to be used to refine and decrease the tolerance of a profile of a surface, or to tolerance only a specific line on a surface.
For instance, if this shape had an overall profile of a surface tolerance of .08mm, but a mating part that latched to this center line here needed higher precision, a tighter profile of a line tolerance could be called out for this midpoint line.
This would mean that a laser scan, or CMM of the part would allow .08mm tolerance everywhere, but only the .03mm tolerance along this line.
Profile of a line could also be used to call out only specific lines. This sloping shape could have three specific lines called out on it with a profile of a line callout.
When an entire surface is called out with profile of a line with datum references, you should have instead used profile of a surface. This is because, unlike circularity or flatness that operate independent of orientation, a profile that is held in place by datums can only be in a single location, locking the TZ into a specific location.
This means each “independent” cross section TZ that is checked would locked in place as well, having the same result as a full surface TZ, thus using Profile of a Surface would make more sense.
Let’s now look at two features of profile controls you should know.
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