20250211 161845
WE USE - IP Address, TCP/IP Protocol suite, Twisted Pair -UTP, Star Topology
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IP Address
Logical Address
IP Address is Uniquely Identify a Device in Network
IP Address assigned/configured by manually or automatically
DHCP Server assign/configure ip address to Client Device automatically
IP Address can be changeable, by manually or automatically
IP Address defines Logical Network
Every device must have a ip address to communicate in network
* All communication by ip address
IP Address - IPv4(32 bit) and IPv6(128 bit)
Ex IPv4 - 192.168.10.22
IPv6 - 2001:11AA:BB22:3CC3:D44D:E5E5:FA7C:8ACD , 2001::A, ::1
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IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 Billion 2^128 = 3.4 Billion Billion Billion
4,294,967,296 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal
Ex. 192.168.1.34 2001:234A:B6C2:F1A8:6789:ABE3:77AF:E237
IPv4 divided into 4 parts 1 Hex = 4 bits, 128/4 = 32 Hex
Each part - 32/4 = 8 bit, called as Octet 32 Hexa is divided into 8 Blocks
4 octets separated by dot(.) 8 blocks separated by(:)
Octet = 8 bit = 2^8 = 256 = 0-255 each block contains 4 Hex
1st Octet. 2nd Octet. 3rd Octet. 4th Octet = W.X.Y.Z —-----------------------
Global Unicast - 2000::/3
0-255 . 0-255. 0-255. 0-255 Link Local -fe80::/10
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.255.255 1.0.0.0 Private - fc00::/7
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.1.0.0 1.0.0.1 Multicast - ff00::/8
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 0.1.0.1 .. Anycast - 2000::/3
0.0.0.3 .. .. 1.0.1.0 —--------------------
.. 0.0.1.255 0.1.0.255 .. Loopback/Localhost - ::1
0.0.0.254 0.0.2.0 0.1.1.0 .. IPv4-0.0.0.0 – IPv6- ::
0.0.0.255 .. ..0.255.255.255 255.255.255.255—--------------------
IPv4 Address Range : 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
IP Address range divided into 5 classes
To check which class of ip address it is, check 1st octet(W) of ip address , with ip address class table.
CLASS A:0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:128-191
CLASS C:192-223
CLASS D:224-239: Multi cast
CLASS E:240-255 - R & D
We can’t assign/configure below ip addresses to a or any device
0.0.0.0 – reserved, use by certain protocols like DHCP, Default routing
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – reserved, Loopback/LocalHost - self testing, self hosts service accessing
127.x.x.x – no
Can’t assign address in class E (R n D)
Class D - multicast - used by routing protocols(ripv2, ospf, eigrp), bootp .,
* Class A, Class B, Class C are unicast address , which we can assign to our devices
134.89.204.192 – class B
156.78.1.44 – class B
10.2.3.191 – class A
194.2.10.34 – class C
227.127.0.12 – class D
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