In this video, Patrick Kelly guides you through the microbiology of anthrax disease before telling the story of Robert Koch, whose research on anthrax helped establish the germ theory of disease, a cornerstone of microbiology. Learn how early discoveries paved the way for modern antibiotics and revolutionized our approach to infectious diseases. Whether you're a microbiology enthusiast or just curious about medical history, this video offers a comprehensive overview of anthrax from its origins to contemporary treatment methods.
☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️
🔗 L I N K S 🔗
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📜 S O U R C E S 📜
An annotated version of the script can be found here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/104362006
CDC History of Anthrax https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/anthrax-history.html
Human Anthrax: Update of the Diagnosis and Treatment (2023)
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/6/1056
Biostats Anthrax articles https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507773/
Baylor Anthrax article https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/specific-agents/anthrax
CDC Anthrax routes https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html
Ins and Outs of Anthrax Toxin (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810214/
Anthrax: A Disease and a Weapon (2005) https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8b78ce074bf7dc34b4e391b7945929e10a1b6367
Fournier 1769 book https://www.google.com/books/edition/Observations_et_exp%C3%A9riences_sur_le_char/Ky0c4z3T3w0C?hl=en&gbpv=1
Koch’s Original 1876 paper https://archive.org/details/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/page/277/mode/1up
Koch’s 1877 paper with first anthrax images
https://archive.org/details/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/page/n446/mode/1up
Pouilly le Fort Experiment (FR 1881 / ENG 2002) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2588695/pdf/yjbm00005-0057.pdf
Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’ of bacteriology (2009) https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(10)02314-3/pdf
The first live attenuated vaccines (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/d42859-020-00008-5
Anthrax vaccines at the PI (2024) https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/2/66
Anthrax and the wool trade (1902) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11382628_Anthrax_and_the_wool_trade_1902
John Henry Bell (2002) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447156/
Brachman Vaccine Paper (1962) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1522900/pdf/amjphnation00490-0074.pdf
Combinations of Monoclonal Antibodies to Anthrax Toxin (2013) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676002/
Raxibacumab approval from FDA https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2012/125349Orig1s000ltr.pdf
Obiltoxaximab (2016) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27085536/
Anthim (obiltoxiaximab) https://anthim.com/what-is-anthim.html
Antibodies against Anthrax Toxins (2022) https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/172
💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:57 Microbiology of Anthrax Disease
4:27 Early History of Anthrax
6:28 Nicolas Fournier
8:15 Davaine and Rayer find bacillus anthracis
10:10 Robert Koch's work on anthrax
18:37 Modern treatments for anthrax
14:56 Louis Pasteur, Pouilley-le-Fort, and the anthrax vaccine
#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory