Як працює гравітація? Все, що потрібно знати про фундаментальне явище Всесвіту | Космос українською

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that affects everything—from an apple falling to the ground to planets orbiting the Sun. But how exactly does gravity work? Why does it remain so mysterious even after centuries of research?

In this video, we break down the discovery of gravity—from Newton to Einstein—explaining the basics of General Relativity and classical mechanics. We also explore why a unified quantum theory of gravity still eludes scientists.

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Video Chapters:
0:00 - The importance of gravity in our lives
0:57 - Ancient Greek philosophers on gravity
2:21 - Kepler’s era and planetary orbits
3:10 - Newton’s story and the apple myth
4:03 - The connection between falling apples and the Moon’s motion
5:36 - Planetary orbits and the cannonball analogy
8:34 - The inverse square law and its significance
11:16 - Does the ISS fall to Earth?
12:36 - Newton’s concept of mass
13:34 - The Universal Law of Gravitation
16:11 - Newton’s gravity as a universal force
17:49 - The limitations of Newton’s theory
19:46 - Mercury’s orbit problem and the need for a new theory
20:58 - James Maxwell and the development of field theory
23:43 - The idea of the gravitational field
27:17 - Einstein’s Special Relativity
28:33 - Einstein’s thought experiment
32:39 - Traveling in space without weightlessness
34:13 - The idea of curved spacetime
36:37 - A new way to understand reality
39:09 - General Relativity confirmed
41:44 - Differences between Newtonian and Einsteinian gravity
45:02 - Why Newton’s gravity is still used today
46:47 - General Relativity vs. Quantum Field Theory
48:35 - Thank you

References:
https://www.space.com/universe-had-no-beginning-time
https://www.space.com/classical-gravity.html
https://www.space.com/quantum-gravity.html
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-gravity/
https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/quantum-gravity
https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/untangling-entanglement
https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-physicist-who-bets-that-gravity-cant-be-quantized-20230710/
https://www.space.com/classical-gravity.html
https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sgravity.htm
https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/what-is-gravity-facts-about-force
https://www.newscientist.com/definition/gravity/
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/lesson-3/newton-s-law-of-universal-gravitation
https://physics.weber.edu/amiri/physics1010online/WSUonline12w/OnLineCourseMovies/CircularMotion&Gravity/reviewofgravity/ReviewofGravity.html
https://www.newscientist.com/definition/quantum-field-theory/
https://www.reed.edu/physics/faculty/wheeler/documents/Classical%20Field%20Theory/Class%20Notes/Field%20Theory%20Chapter%204.pdf
http://www.physicsland.com/Physics10_files/Mass.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085312/http://inpac.ucsd.edu/students/courses/winter2012/physics2d/einsteinonrelativity.pdf
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-einstein-discovered-general-relativity-amid-war-divorce-and-rivalry/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150204231934/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Indexes/Math_Physics.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150331222738/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/General_relativity.html
https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/postnewton/