This talk by Noel Welsh took place at Lambda World 2024 on October 4th, at the Palacio de Congresos in Cádiz, Spain.
Full Presentation Description:
"Rethinking Effects with Effect Systems"
Effect systems, also known as algebraic effects, are the next big thing in functional programming languages: Scala 3, Unison, Kotlin, and OCaml already support them in some form and they are being discussed in other language communities. But why are they attracting so much attention? In this talk I'll describe how effect systems rethink how we describe effects, the simpler programming model this brings, and some of the cool new things they allow us to do.
Managing effects is one of the major concerns in functional programming. Monads are currently most popular approach, but they come with several problems. For example, they are difficult to learn (to the point where monad tutorials are an ongoing joke in the community), they don't compose, and they are slow. What if there was a better way, that used a straight forward programming style, allowed mixing together all the usual effects as well as some new ones, and had great performance?
Effect systems are, of course, this better approach. In this talk I'll explain the problems of effects, and why FP is so concerned with them. I'll then describe how effect systems address the problem, by decomposing effects into operations and handlers, and the straight forward programming style this allows. I'll finish by contrasting the approach to monads, and showing some of the not-so-obvious benefits that expect systems bring.
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