๐ ๐
๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฆ:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
๐๐๐ผ๐ถ๐ป ๐ข๐๐ฟ ๐ง๐ฒ๐น๐ฒ๐ด๐ฟ๐ฎ๐บ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ป๐ฒ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
๐๐ฆ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฒ ๐ง๐ผ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฎ๐ถ๐น๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ถ๐๐:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Nephrolithiasis / Kidney stones : Types, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment (Hindi)
Introduction
____________
Nephrolithiasis refers to the formation of urinary calculi in the kidney, which can occur throughout the urogenital tract, from the renal pelvis to the urethra. This condition is influenced by various risk factors, including low fluid intake and diets high in sodium, purine, and low in potassium. These dietary choices can elevate urine levels of calcium, uric acid, and oxalate, facilitating stone formation. The most prevalent type of urinary stones comprises calcium oxalate, but less common types include uric acid, struvite (associated with urease-producing bacterial infections), calcium phosphate, or cystine.
Clinical Presentation
_____________________
Nephrolithiasis typically manifests as sudden-onset colicky flank pain, which may radiate to the groin, testes, or labia. This condition is commonly referred to as renal or ureteric colic and is often accompanied by hematuria.
Diagnosis
_________
Diagnostics for nephrolithiasis include:
Spiral CT without Contrast: Used to detect the presence and location of stones.
Ultrasound of the Abdomen and Pelvis: Another imaging option for stone detection.
Urinalysis: To assess for concomitant urinary tract infection (UTI).
Serum BUN and Creatinine: These tests evaluate kidney function.
Management
______________
For small stones that do not require immediate urological intervention, the approach involves symptomatic treatment and a trial of medical expulsive therapy to encourage spontaneous passage. If spontaneous passage seems unlikely or fails due to stone size or location, first-line urological interventions include:
Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Using shock waves to break the stones into smaller pieces.
Ureterorenoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to remove or fragment stones.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Reserved for patients with large kidney stones, involving a surgical incision to access and remove the stone.
Prevention
___________
The most crucial preventive measure for nephrolithiasis is ensuring adequate hydration. Additionally, analyzing passed stones can offer insights for dietary modifications and medical therapy (e.g., thiazide diuretics, urine alkalinization) to prevent future stone formation.
#fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmgejan2023 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2023 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #