Typically, semiconductors have maximum junction temperatures in the vicinity of 150 C to 200 C. In power applications, these devices will need some means of conducting heat away to the surrounding environment in order to prevent damage. The most simple method of doing this is through the use of a heatsink; essentially, a specially shaped piece of metal that is attached to the semiconductor's case, and which may or may not make use of forced air to enhance cooling.
References: Semiconductor Devices: Theory and Application/2E; Chapter 8, sections 5 and 6.
Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits: Theory and Application/3E; Chapter 8, section 5.
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