In this episode, we explore how lasers work—a technology that has revolutionized fields ranging from communication to medicine. A laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) operates by emitting light through a process of stimulated emission. We’ll break down the basic principles of how lasers are created, including the role of excited atoms, the gain medium, and the optical cavity. We’ll also explain how light is amplified and made coherent, meaning all the light waves are in phase, which makes lasers unique compared to ordinary light. By the end of this episode, you'll have a clear understanding of the fundamental physics behind lasers and how they produce their intense, focused beams.