A final echo of the Macedonian dynasty, she was one of the few women to hold the imperial title in her own right. A competant and effective ruler, she was a pivotal player in the politics and intrigues of the early eleventh century. With her death came about a period of uncertainty and civil war.
Predecessor: Constantine IX Monomachos
Successor: Michael VI Bringas
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Bibliography:
Aristakes Lastivertsi, History Regarding the Sufferings Occasioned by Foriegn Peoples Living Around Us, Translation by Bedrosian, R. (1985)
John Skylitzes, A Synopsis of Byzantine History 811-1057, Translation by Wortley, J. (2010)
John Zonaras, Chronicle Vol 3, C.S.H.B. Vol XLIX Pinder(1897)
Michael Attaleiates, The History, Translation by Kaldellis, A. and Krallis, D. (2012)
Michael Glykas, Chronicle, C.S.H.B. Vol XXIV Bekker (1836).
Michael Psellos, Chronographia,Translation by Sewter, E.R.A. (1953)
Angold, M. (1997) The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204. Edinburgh.
Kaldellis, A. (2017) Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. To the First Crusade. Oxford.
Norwich, J.J. (1991) The Byzantine Empire: The Apogee, London.
Treadgold, W. (1997) A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford.
Music Credit:
'Time', 'Balance of Power', 'Shadows', 'Emnity', by Ed Lima and Steve Maitland from Empire Earth by Sierra.
'Ambient 1' and 'Ambient 2' by Jason Graves from Rise and Fall: Civilisations at War by Midway Games.
All images used are for educational purposes, if I have used a piece of art and you would like me to credit you, please contact me and I shall do so.