In this full-length documentary, we trace the powerful legacy of ancient migrations into the Americas, Europe, and Africa—through the lens of genetics.
From Native American ancestors crossing the Bering Land Bridge, to the deep-time DNA of Anatolian farmers and Steppe herders, to the forced arrival of African populations—this is the genetic story of a nation built by many.
We also explore the meaning of surnames, ancestral haplogroups
00:00 – A Burial in Red Ochre
01:29 – Native American Origins
03:06 – European Migration & Roots
06:48 – African DNA in the Americas
07:51 – Immigrant Waves
09:02 – Modern America
10:13 – English Surnames & Identity
12:24 – German Surnames & Roots
14:45 – Irish Heritage & Surnames
17:29 – Italian Lineage & Surnames
19:46 – Scottish Roots & Surnames
22:09 – Closing
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• Rasmussen et al. Nature (2014) – Clovis Anzick-1 genome (Q1a2a1 (L54xM3) Y-haplogroup; mtDNA D4h3a)
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/genome-of-12-600-year-old-boy-from-clovis-culture-confirms-origin-of-amerindians.29580/
• Lazaridis et al. Nature (2014); Haak et al. Nature (2015) – Ancient European admixture (WHG I2/U5; Early Farmer G2a/N1a-T2; Steppe R1b, etc.) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6062619
• Aissani et al. Mitochondrial DNA (2015) – African American mtDNA diversity (17 haplogroups; most common L2a 19.8%, L1b 10.2%) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4048334
• BMC Evol Biol (2010) – Noir Marron (African-descended) study: 88% E1b1a Y-DNA, with some A, B; ~97.6% paternal African ancestry https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-314
• Bryc et al. AJHG (2015) – Genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, European Americans (average Af-Am ~73.2% African, 24% European) https://socgen.ucla.edu/2014/12/18/9313
• Patterson et al. Nature (2022) – R1b-L21 frequency in Bronze Age Britain and modern distribution (14–71% in UK/Ireland, far higher than continent) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8889665
• FTDNA data (citing Myres 2011, Busby 2012) – R1b-U106 high in Germanic areas (peak ~33% in Netherlands; 15–25% in Germany/England)
https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/r-1b/about/results?srsltid=AfmBOoq-MoSTt25Kw-kwqfTvrwJ4uPDBt1oTwfzVJHTmUqHfw7BSvnE6
• Semino et al. (2000); Sarno et al. (2017) – Haplogroup J2 in Italy (up to 37% in central Italy) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3519480
• NCBI Bookshelf (2018) – Post-1965 immigration statistics (36% from Asia, 31% from Latin America by 2015) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535939
• UCLA study summary (2014) – Emphasizing unique US genetic diversity https://socgen.ucla.edu/2014/12/18/9313
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