This video demonstrates how to conduct a Tukey-Kramer test (post hoc test) after a one-way ANOVA using Microsoft Excel. The Tukey-Kramer test is a conservative post hoc test (controls Type I Error rate) and is used when the sample sizes for each level are unequal. In this example, three groups are compared using a one-way AVOVA using the Data Analysis tools in Excel. In these tools, the one-way ANOVA is referred to as “ANOVA: Single Factor.” The results of this ANOVA are interpreted. The formula to calculate the Tukey-Kramer test is constructed using the “mean square within,” the standard error, the sample sizes, and the means. The q statistic is calculated for every pairwise comparison and compared to the critical value for the studentized range distribution for q. To identify the correct critical value from the table, the number of groups and the degrees of freedom error (within-subjects df) are needed. A statistically significant result occurs when the q statistic exceeds the critical value.