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Latest on Vitamin D
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng187/chapter/Recommendations
Basically, consider 400 units (10 mcg) per day
But, NHS mid Essex
https://midessexccg.nhs.uk/medicines-optimisation/clinical-pathways-and-medication-guidelines/chapter-9-nutrition-and-blood-2/3051-vitamin-d-deficiency-prescribing-guidance-nov-2018-replaces-separate-guidance-for-adults-children-and-in-pregnancy/file
Routine screening of vitamin D levels and prescribing of Vitamin D is not advisable.
Both clinical symptoms and risk factors must be present before measuring Vitamin D levels (25OHD).
As yet there is no clear evidence to prove the risks from non-symptomatic Vitamin D deficiency.
Adults
Vitamin D levels less than 30nmol/L (12ng / ml)
Oral capsules, 40,000 units (1,000 mcg or 1 mg) colecalciferol weekly for 7 weeks
(400 units per day = 2,800 units per week)
Vitamin D levels 30 – 50 nmol/L (12 – 20 ng / ml)
Buy your own, 400 units per day
Vitamin D levels more than 50 nmol/L (20 ng / ml)
Buy your own, consider, 400 units per day
Vitamin K1
Phylloquinone
Involved in blood coagulation (1929)
Found in plant foods like leafy greens
Vitamin K2
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-k2#what-it-is
Menaquinones
Mostly bacterial origin
Animal-based and fermented foods
Adult vitamin K Adequate Intakes, 90 -120 mcg
Fermented foods
Sauerkraut
Natto
High fat dairy from grass fed cows
Eggs
Animal organs
Gut bacteria
Antibiotics
Vitamin K might play a role, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease
Vitamin K-dependent proteins
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516724/
Vitamin K2 supplements may improve bone and heart health, while vitamin K1 has no significant benefits
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494092/
Promotes bone calcification
Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6
May prevent tissue calcification
Tissue-specific utilization of menaquinone-4 results in the prevention of arterial calcification in warfarin-treated rats
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654717/
Vitamin K2 (MK-4) reduced blood vessel calcification whereas vitamin K1 did not
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654717/
Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514282/
K2 may help with dental health
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9076586/
Especially with vitamin D
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8466530/
Links with liver cancer
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400650/
Links with preventing advanced prostate cancer
Dietary intake of vitamin K and risk of prostate cancer in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18400723/
Synergistic effect with vitamin D
Vitamins D and K as pleiotropic nutrients: clinical importance to the skeletal and cardiovascular systems and preliminary evidence for synergy
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21155624/
Prevalence of hypercalcemia related to hypervitaminosis D in clinical practice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26995293/
Determine the concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D at which the risk of hypercalcemia
N = 25,567
Hypervitaminosis D was defined at serum 25-OH-vitamin D more than160 nmol/L (64 ng / ml)
Results:
382 samples were identified as the first record of hypervitaminosis D
39 presented hypercalcemia (10.2%)
Some had 25-OH-vitamin D levels between 161 and 375 nmol/L.
(most subjects presented hypercalcemia at serum concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D less than 375 nmol/L, 150 ng / ml)
In 15 subjects, hypercalcemia could be directly attributed to vitamin D
In no case, serum calcium achieved concentrations considered as critical values (more than13 mg/dl).
Conclusion
Hypercalcemia due to vitamin D represented less than 4% of the total hypervitaminosis D detected
Less than 0.1% of the tests performed.
Healthline
https://www.healthline.com/health/foods-high-in-vitamin-k#1.-Kale
No strong evidence proves that moderate amounts of vitamin D are harmful without an adequate intake of vitamin K. However, research is ongoing, and the picture might become clearer in the near future.