0:00 Introduction
0:37 Where does the Safe Third Country concept come from?
2:44 The EU and the Safe Third Country concept
4:30 How does the EU define a Third Country as "Safe"?
10:50 How is the concept used outside the EU?
11:25 USA-Canada's Safe Third Country concept
12:30 Australia's Safe Third Country concept
13:33 Problems with the Safe Third Country concept
20:33 Conclusion
21:34 Thank you for watching!
Sources
Legislation:
1951 Refugee Convention
https://www.unhcr.org/media/convention-and-protocol-relating-status-refugees
1994 Australia (No. 4) 1994 No. 136 - Migration Legislation Amendment Act
https://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/mlaa41994337/sch1.html
1999 Australia 1999 No. 1999 - Border Protection Legislation Amendment Act
https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/num_act/bplaa1999394/
2005 EU Directive 2005/85/EC Asylum Procedures Directive
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32005L0085
2011 EU Directive 2011/95/EU - recast Qualification Directive
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/95/oj
2013 EU Directive 2013/32/EU - recast Asylum Procedures Directive
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013L0032
2023 Canada-USA Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) 2004
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/mandate/policies-operational-instructions-agreements/agreements/safe-third-country-agreement.html
2024 CJEU Case C-134/23 - Elliniko Symvoulio gia tous Prosfyges and Ypostirixi Prosfygon sto Aigaio
ECLI:EU:C:2024:838
https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&td=ALL&num=C-134/23
Articles:
Cortinovis, R. (2018). The Role and Limits of the Safe Third Country Concept in EU Asylum [Discussion Brief]. Research Social Platform on Migration and Asylum.
https://migrationresearch.com/storage/app/uploads/public/5ef/b3c/627/5efb3c6277d22450905493.pdf
ECRE. (2017). Debunking The “Safe Third Country” Myth | European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (Policy Note 8). European Council on Refugees and Exiles.
https://ecre.org/policy-note-debunking-the-safe-third-country-myth/
EUAA. (2023). 4.3.2 Safe country concepts | European Union Agency for Asylum.
https://euaa.europa.eu/asylum-report-2023/432-safe-country-concepts
EuroMed Rights. (2016). “Safe” countries: A denial of the right of asylum. EuroMed Rights, AEDH, and FIDH.
https://euromedrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AnalysePaysSurs-FINAL-EN-12052016_final.pdf
EUAA. (2022). Applying the concept of safe countries in the asylum procedure. Publications Office.
https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2847/430441
Gil-Bazo, M.-T. (2015). The Safe Third Country Concept in International Agreements on Refugee Protection Assessing State Practice. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 33(1), 42–77.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016934411503300104
Human Rights Watch. (Oct 15, 2020). Algeria: Mass Convictions for Homosexuality - Arbitrary Arrests; Police Raid Alleged ‘Gay Wedding’.
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/15/algeria-mass-convictions-homosexuality
Hurwitz, A. (2009). Safe Third Country Practices, Readmission, and Extraterritorial Processing. In A. Hurwitz (Ed.), The Collective Responsibility of States to Protect Refugees (p. 0). Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278381.003.0003
Matthew, P. (2003). Safe for Whom? The Safe Third Country Concept Finds a Home in Australia. In S. Kneebone (Ed.), The Refugees Convention 50 Years on. Routledge.
Osso, B. N. (2023). Unpacking the Safe Third Country Concept in the European Union: B/orders, Legal Spaces, and Asylum in the Shadow of Externalization. International Journal of Refugee Law, 35(3), 272–303.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eead028
RSA. (2024, October 8). CJEU ruling on the concept of “safe third country.” Support Aegean.
https://rsaegean.org/en/cjeu-ruling-on-the-concept-of-safe-third-country/
Hatton, T. (2020). European asylum policy before and after the migration crisis. IZA World of Labor 2020: 480
https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.480
Edit and Animation by Sten Ritterfeld | Sten's Lens | www.stenslens.com
Research assistance by Júlia Puigdomènech Vidal