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During the Black Death (1347–1351), the daily life of a plague doctor was a harrowing experience filled with danger, superstition, and grim realities. The Black Death, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, swept through Europe, killing an estimated one-third of the population. Plague doctors were often hired by cities and towns to provide care to the sick and manage the outbreak, though many of them had minimal medical training. They were as much record-keepers as they were healers, tasked with documenting deaths and the spread of the disease.
A typical day for a plague doctor involved moving through infected neighborhoods and entering homes filled with plague victims. Wearing long, waxed robes, gloves, and the iconic beaked mask filled with aromatic herbs, they believed this attire would protect them from the "miasma," or bad air, thought to spread the disease. Their treatments were rudimentary and often ineffective, including bloodletting, lancing buboes, applying poultices, and recommending herbal remedies. Many plague doctors also practiced more spiritual or superstitious methods, offering prayers or charms to ward off the illness. Additionally, they helped with organizing burials and advising on quarantine measures, often marking infected homes with painted crosses. The constant exposure to the plague, combined with poor sanitation and limited medical knowledge, meant that many plague doctors did not survive the pandemic. Their grim work was essential in managing the crisis, but their presence often became a symbol of fear and impending death for medieval communities.
Information sourced from Wiki, Gutenburg, JSTOR, primary and secondary sources. All information is congruent with archaeological and history evidence at the time of recording.