How many times have you felt just a little spooked when the 4th wall was broken in a game or a movie? Today on Psych of Play, we’re going to be dissecting WHY that feeling is so bizarre and how deindividualization, the dual function of gaze, and the power of anonymity all play a part in making 4th wall breaks such a visceral sensation.
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-Spoiler Titles
Batman: Arkham Asylum (2009)
Doki Doki Literature Club (2017)
Bravely Second: End Layer (2015)
Metal Gear Solid (1998)
Undertale (2015)
Spec Ops: The Line (2012)
Assassin's Creed II (2009)
OneShot (2016) - Team OneShot
The Road to Morocco (1942)
Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993)
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2003)
Spaceballs (1987)**
Deadpool (2016)
Derren Brown: The Experiments original video: https://youtu.be/ReUHhStG70k
-Special thanks to these videos for reference!
https://youtu.be/qgkzqy8YrKQ
https://youtu.be/Xxq4QtK3j0Y
https://youtu.be/jTaN6wyMwCY
https://youtu.be/JLAaUvsKljc
https://youtu.be/WocjtVabfho
https://youtu.be/idcwUTG3XMc
-Games Shown
Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018) - Rockstar Games
Paper Mario The Thousand Year Door (2004) - Intelligent Systems, Nintendo
Fire Emblem: Three Houses (2019) - Intelligent Systems
The Messenger (2018) - Sabotage Studio
Kid Icarus: Uprising (2012) - Sora Ltd.
Batman: Arkham Asylum (2009) - Rocksteady **
Detroit Become Human (2018) - David Cage
Animal Crossing: City Folk (2008) - Nintendo
Doki Doki Literature Club (2017) - Team Salvato **
The Stanley Parable (2011) - Davey Wreden, Galactic Cafe
Bravely Second: End Layer (2015) - Silicon Studio **
Eternal Darkness (2002) - Silicon Knights
Metal Gear Solid (1998) - Konami **
X-Men (1993) - Western Technologies Inc.
Undertale (2015) - Toby Fox **
Spec Ops: The Line (2012) - YAGER Development GmbH **
Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards (2000) - Hal Laboratory
Dandara (2018) - Long Hat House
Radio the Universe (2018) - 6E6E6E
Assassin's Creed II (2009) - Ubisoft **
Tomb Raider (1996) - Core Design, Aspyr
OneShot (2016) - Team OneShot **
-Clips/Movies Shown
The Dark Knight (2008)
The Social Network (2011)
Key and Peele (2012)
Inside (2016) - PlayDead
Memento (2000)
Birdman (2014)
The Wedding Ringer (2015)
The Road to Morocco (1942)**
Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993)**
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2003)**
Spaceballs (1987)**
Deadpool (2016)**
Wayne's World (2012)
Mean Girls (2004)
Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018)
To All the Boys I've Loved Before (2018)
Psycho (1960)
I, Tonya (2018)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Mulan (1998)
Southpaw (2015)
https://youtu.be/pEKm54STV2Q
https://youtu.be/kztCMOWDjxA
https://youtu.be/zwTRHfEMq7k
https://youtu.be/yJTucB8fH04
https://youtu.be/o1vYEzhmzyg
https://youtu.be/ese1x5GWX7g
https://youtu.be/3-Cpw7eZwAg
https://youtu.be/3-Cpw7eZwAg
https://youtu.be/b9gOjBhk1q0
https://youtu.be/aZmlS7n7Re4
-Music Sources:
Menu Music - Dishonored OST
Checker Dance - Deltarune OST
Reconstructing More Science (Alex Giudici Remix) V2 - Portal 2
When The Moon's Reaching Out Stars/Tokyo Daylight - Persona 3 & 5 OST
Hyrule field at night - Zelda Twilight Princess OST
Your Precious Moon (Alex Giudici Remix) - Portal 2
Here We Are - Undertale OST
Forest Temple (Arr. By Andrew De Lange) - Zelda - Ocarina of Time
Fly Me To The Moon (synthwave/80s instrumental remix) - Astrophysics
-Research Articles Cited
The Dual Function of Gaze http://eyethink.org/resources/lab_papers/Risko2016_Breaking_the_Fourth_Wall_of_Cognitive_Science_Real-World_Social_Attention_and_the_Dual_Function_of_Gaze.pdf
How is player immersion affected by breaking the fourth wall?
https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/BarryConway/20130315/188600/How_is_player_immersion_affected_by_breaking_the_fourth_wall.php
Zimmardo Hooded shocks study
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/who-is-that-the-study-of-anonymity-and-behavior
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindividuation
Derren Brown Deindividualization Masked “experiment”
https://youtu.be/ReUHhStG70k
Online Disinhibition Effect
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15257832
Eyes watching Bike Thieves
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051738
[11] Audience Effect and Donating
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691818303779
[12] MIrrors and Self-Awareness
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-commentary/mirrors-could-reduce-stealing-or-dishonesty-and-could-even-be-seen-as-a-good-alternative-to-video-surveillance/
[13] Child Candy Mirror’s Study
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1981-01088-001
[14] Security Cameras and cheating
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6198084/
**All images, graphics, and fonts created or found with postermywall.com, Pexels.com, Videvo.net, and Lightworks v14 editing software. All gameplay footage captured with Elgato 60FPS recording device**
#PsychofPlay #4thWall