Consider how to reduce the voltage of any DC power supply or a separate part of the electrical circuit. All I identified four fundamentally distinctive ways to reduce stress. The first method involves the use of a resistor voltage divider. It is the easiest and least expensive. A resistor divider is most often used as a voltage divider applied to the input of various measuring devices, such as an ADC microcontroller or an oscilloscope. Also, a resistor divider is used in the input electrical circuits of low-power transistor amplifiers. To power a powerful load, this method is unacceptable.
The second way to reduce the voltage involves the use of a Zener diode. It is also one of the least costly methods, which also allows stabilizing the output voltage value. It is also used in low-power circuits with a load current up to 1 A, most often up to 0.5 A, where a high degree of stabilization is not required.
The third way to reduce the voltage, I highlighted the integral voltage regulators, which are simple, cheap and high accuracy of stabilization. In most cases, used in electrical circuits with a current of up to 1 A.
The last — fourth method — is to use DC-DC constant-voltage converters. Such converters are manufactured for a wide power range, while they have the most complex design, but have the highest efficiency, since the energy is taken in a pulsed way. But it should be remembered that all pulsed power sources or electrical energy converters generate a wide range of harmful electromagnetic emissions.