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The Amazing process Of Making Buffalo Suede Leather : what did they do With Buffalo's Hides
The process of making suede buffalo leather in local tanneries, particularly in Pakistan, typically follows traditional methods with some variations based on regional practices and available materials. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of the process involved and the chemicals commonly used in local tanneries:1. Preparation of the HidesBefore any tanning process begins, the raw buffalo hides must be properly prepared. Salting: To preserve the hides and prevent decomposition, they are salted immediately after slaughter. This is a key step to keep the hides from rotting during transportation to the tannery. Hides Conditioning: After being transported to the tannery, the hides are often soaked in water to rehydrate them. This step makes the hides softer and easier to work with.2. CleaningOnce the hides are rehydrated, they need to be thoroughly cleaned. Removing Hair and Flesh: Traditional tanneries typically use hand tools, but in some cases, machines are also employed to scrape off any excess flesh and hair from the hides. This process is called “liming.” Chemical Lime Solution: The hides are placed in a lime solution, which helps remove hair and other organic materials. The chemical used here is calcium hydroxide (lime). Lime also helps to open up the pores of the hide for better penetration of tanning agents later on.3. Tanning ProcessThis is the critical step that converts raw hides into leather, and it can vary based on the tanning method used. There are several methods, but the most common in Pakistan is vegetable tanning. Vegetable Tanning: This is the traditional method where tannins from plant materials (like tree barks, roots, and leaves) are used to preserve the hide. In Pakistan, some common plant sources include: Tannins from Mimosa (Acacia species) Tannins from Oak and Sumac Tannins from Mangrove and Acacia Chemicals used in Vegetable Tanning: Tannic acid from plant sources. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) can also be used to neutralize the acidity from the vegetable tannins. Chrome Tanning: Some tanneries use chrome tanning, which is a faster and more efficient process. The chemical commonly used here is chromium sulfate or chromic acid. It makes the leather more durable and water-resistant, though it can be less environmentally friendly.4. Dyeing and ColorationOnce the tanning process is complete, the leather is often dyed to achieve the desired color. Natural Dyes: In local tanneries, dyes are sometimes derived from natural sources like pomegranate, indigo, or henna. These dyes give a more organic, earthy tone to the leather. Synthetic Dyes: For more vibrant colors, tanneries may also use synthetic dyes. These include products like aniline dyes or acid dyes, which provide deeper, more stable colors.5. Softening and ConditioningAfter the tanning and dyeing process, the leather may still feel stiff and needs to be softened for the final suede texture. Oil and Fat Liquoring: The leather is treated with oils and fats, such as neatsfoot oil, lanolin, or animal fats, to soften it and make it more flexible. Re-tanning: Sometimes a second tanning process is used to refine the texture and increase the quality of the leather.6. Buffing the Leather to Create SuedeThe leather is then buffed to create the soft, velvety texture that is characteristic of suede. Buffing or Sueding: This is done using abrasive materials or brushes to raise the nap (fibers) on the surface of the leather. The final result is the characteristic soft, velvety feel of suede. This process often uses tools like suede buffing machines, which scrape the surface gently to raise the fibers.7. DryingAfter buffing, the leather needs to be dried. Air Drying: In local tanneries, hides are often hung in well-ventilated areas to dry naturally. This process can take several days. Mechanical Drying: In some tanneries, hides